Hypertension has been shown to be the result of the sclerosis of the arteries and the cause of serious heart disease.People with increased indicators are diagnosed with arterial hypertension.Due to the narrowing of ships that have lost elasticity, there is an increase in pressure in others.This slows down blood circulation and increases the load on the heart.
Normal and blood pressure pathology
Optimal blood pressure is the tometer value of 120/80 mm.Rt. Art.The pressure is considered increased when arterial indicators are permanently exceeding the convenience norm for the man of 10%.
Temporary blood pressure fluctuation, differences during the day are a common event.
| Hypertension phase | Sistolic indicator (garden), mm.Rt. Art. | Diastolic indicator (dad), mm.Rt. Art. |
|---|---|---|
| Optimal blood pressure | 120 | 80 |
| Rule | From 120 to 130 | From 80 to 85 |
| Prevention | From 130 to 140 | From 85 to 90 |
| GB 1 Stage (soft hypertension) | From 140 to 160 | From 90 to 100 |
| GB 2 phases (moderate) | From 160 to 180 | From 100 to 110 |
| GB 3 phases | More than 180 | More than 110 |
| Isag (isolated systolic arterial hypertension | More than 140 | Less than 90 |
Why is a person dangerous in a person?
The initial symptoms of increased pressure: weakness, light dizziness, bad sleep, flies in front of the eyes taken by a person for signs of fatigue, which determines the progression of hypertension without medical treatment.
If you leave the situation without attention, the serious consequences of the high pressure cannot be avoided, a person can wait:
- heart attack;
- hit;
- acute heart failure;
- pulmonary thromboembolism;
- Stratification or gap of aorta.
In the final stages of these diseases, a fatal result is possible.A particularly serious form of the disease is malignant hypertension.It is diagnosed in one of the two hundred patients, more often - men.The disease does not stop in any drug, drugs also worsen the patient's condition.A person "burns" for six months due to complications.
Hypertension risk factors
Hypertension is closely related to risk factors that can be individual or external (acquired).
| Individual risk factors | External provocation factors |
|---|---|
| Genetic predisposition: if both parents suffer from hypertension, the disease develops in children in over 50% of cases (the risk of hypertension in children, whose parents had normal blood pressure - no more than 20%) | Food: an atherogenic profile diet with a large number of saturated fatty acids (sausages, smoked meats, cakes, chocolate, snacks), daily use of a large amount of salt (more than 5 g) |
| Age: greater pressure develops in 15% - from 50 to 60 years, in 30% - from 60 to 70, 40% over 70 years | Smoking-is shown that it comes from nicotine that increases blood pressure: a stroke and a heart attack in smokers occur 2-3 times more often than that of non-smokers |
| Paolo: the prevalence of arterial hypertension of less than 40 years in men is much higher than women, later these differences are sanded | Excessive consumption of coffee every day is harmful to the tone of the blood vessels, causing its spasm and automatically increasing the pressure |
| Obesity: the dependence between body mass and the level of blood pressure is a straight line.Plus 10 kg increases the systolic indicator of 2-3 units and diastolic for 1-3. In fat people, hypertension occurs 2-6 times more often (in 78% of men and 64% of women, arterial hypertension is due to access to body weight), weight loss leads to a reduction in pressure |
The flexible causes of pressure increase are stress, overwork, repeated negative emotions, emotional overloads, mental overload |
| Personal features: easily excitable nervous system, ambition, suspicion, dissatisfaction achieved, an indomitable desire for competition are the reasons why too emotional pressure increases | A sedentary lifestyle: in hypodynamic people, the risk of arterial hypertension is 25% higher than that physically active or trained (physical activity during work increases blood pressure and is reduced during rest) |
| Race: African Americans, mainly women, fall into the risk group | Alcoholism: it destroys the liver, violates metabolic processes, negatively affects the tone of the blood vessels (toxins) |
People inclined to hypertension must remind you of what pressure is still increasing, this is: irregular working day, night shifts, professional damage, frequent climate changes, time zones.
The main reasons for increasing blood pressure
Together with the provocative moments or the background on which hypertension occurs, high pressure causes specific causes that can be physiological or pathological.
| Physiological | Pathological |
|---|---|
| Pregnancy | Cloud brain lesions |
| Drug intake: fans, diuretics, narcotic substances, hormonal contraceptives | Interruption of the function of kidneys, heart, brain, liver |
| Hormonal background fluctuations: puberty, menopause, menstruation | Somatic diseases, outbreaks of chronic infection |
| Anatomical characteristics of the structure of the human body | VSD |
| Insomnia of any genesis | Dyslipidemia and increase in the content of the level of uric acid |
| Have lifts | Diabetes |
| Meta -Seseability | Tumors |
| For a long time not treated migraine | Thrombosis or vascular embolism |
| Hot sauna or bathing establishment | Osteochondrosis |
Symptoms and signs of arterial hypertension
With greater pressure, a person begins to try discomfort, whose first signs become:
- headache, a feeling of squeezing the temples with a circle;
- the feeling that the head is "stratii";
- dizziness;
- noise in the ears, trembling with flies in front of the eyes;
- Unpleasant sensations behind the sternum;
- weakness;
- sleep disorders.
These initial hypertension symptoms.A person takes an increase in blood pressure for overload, fatigue.Without treatment, the condition gradually passes into borderline or labile hypertension, which is characterized by pressure fluctuations, such as a pendulum.It occurs at different ages and can be:
- youth;
- neurotic;
- menopause;
- alcohol;
- sport;
- professional.
Its main characteristics are considered:
- episodic increase in blood pressure from 140/90 to 160/95 (in the United States and in the European Union - from 130/85 to 140/90) and never beyond these borders;
- Independent pressure normalization without further intervention;
- Lack of changes in the target organs: heart, kidneys, brain, bleeding vases;
- Symptomatic hypertension (secondary) excluding reliable excluding.
The constantly high blood pressure left without attention will become the main cause of hypertension.It is characterized by the following symptoms:
- violation of visual acuity;
- interruptions in the work of the heart with acute pain behind the sternum;
- the points of the cheeks, the feeling of heat throughout the body;
- cold arts with partial loss of sensitivity, numbness;
- Narbante;
- fatigue, nervousness without cause;
- tachycardia;
- pulsation in temples;
- sweating or internal conversion;
- pastosity;
- anxiety;
- a feeling of complete emptiness, impotence;
- Premuroks, fainting;
- Muscle cramps;
- Tremor of arms and legs.
The increase in pressure in pregnant women has its special manifestations, this is:
- strong deterioration in well -being;
- pain in the back of the head;
- veil in front of the eyes;
- noise in the ears;
- vomit;
- high temperature;
- red face;
- nasal bleeding;
- Heaviness in the legs.
One of these signs or symptoms suggests the tonometry and timely research of a doctor.
What to do if the pressure has increased?
The high pressure left without attention can cause fatal and non -fatal complications: cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular failure, chronic kidney diseases.
Consider what should be done at home if hell has increased:
- To help a person find a comfortable rest for relaxation (preferably half a place, on high cushions);
- Make sure full peace (no sound, no irritating light, no movements);
- Open windows - oxygen flow;
- Prepare a bathroom on a hot foot and, when stabilizing the number of blood pressure, lowers the legs for 10 minutes, which will provide flow of blood from the head, it will improve well -being;
- With an increase in pressure, you can put a mustard on the back of the head or the caviar for 5-15 minutes, make a compress from apple cider vinegar to the feet;
- Relax on a chair or chair, straightened your back, deeply inspire with your nose, exhale with your mouth (5 times);
- You can break down the high pressure on the back: it is necessary to stop the breath for 2 seconds, which in 5 minutes normalizes the emotional background, reduces blood pressure to 30 units, watch the video below;
- The massage of the acupuncture point under the ear of the ear or half a centimeter towards the nose from it, as well as the points between the eyebrows, is possible in the nose.
Without a doctor, hoping only for himself, taking drugs is unacceptable.
Medicines
They are prescribed by a doctor for chronic hypertension, when the pressure of 160/90 and superior, rigorously individual, related to the cause of hypertension and the nature of its course.
| Drugs of drugs | The mechanism of action |
|---|---|
| Ace Blocker | Inhibit vasoconstrictive enzymes |
| Diuretics | Excess fluids remove, balancing the total volume of circulating blood |
| Football antagonists | Balance of calcium ions not associated with proteins necessary for the normal functioning of the myocardium |
| Beta blockers | Reduce heart rate, blood pressure (it cannot be used for diabetes and asthma) |
| Alpha Blocker | Reduce the pressure soon |
| Vasodilators | Expand the ships, removing spasm |
| ANGIOTENSINA-2 antagonists | Blocks the angiotensin of the kidneys, narrowing the ships |
Possible complications
When the pressure has increased, this involves dangerous body disorders:
- arrhythmias of different genesis;
- tachycardia;
- Hyposia, ischemia of fabrics and organs;
- Stenosis of arteries, capillaries;
- violation of the synthesis of aldosterone with the development of Edema, an increase in the total volume of circulating blood;
- Reduction of renal function;
- development of atherosclerosis;
Merbs in the metabolism system eventually lead to acute conditions incompatible with life (heart attack, stroke, acute heart failure).
Prevention
The doctor will help to process a single program for high pressure prevention, the main events are as follows:
- weight control (each + 1 kg increases the blood pressure by a pair of units);
- balanced diet;
- refusal of bad habits;
- physical activity;
- correct alternation of rest and work;
- good sleep;
- Positive mood every day.
The elderly recommended the treatment with sanatorium-resort.